The flora of the Altyn-Emel National Park includes the most valuable gene pool of medicinal, decorative, aromatic, forage plants, spices and herbs, food crops, and other groups of useful plants.

These are representatives of flora of various belts: tugai (river valleys), real and steppe deserts, mountain steppes and alpine meadows. Here you can find both typical mountain species (Tien Shan spruce, Asian wild apple, Tien Shan cherry, iron tree, juniper) and desert plants (saxaul, turanga, elaeagnus, saltwort).

Dominant (Common) Species of Plants

In Altyn-Emel, 6 types of vegetation are distinguished: aquatic, wetland, tugai, desert, steppe and forest.

Phragmites Australis

Southern (Common) Reed - Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. It forms extensive thickets in the floodplain of the Ili river. Grows along relief depressions, often found along the banks of ditches.

Populus Diversifolia

Diversifolious Poplar, Asiatic Poplar, Turanga - Populus diversifolia Schrenk (P. litwinowiana Dode). It grows along the banks of rivers and oxbows, forms riparian forests and woodlands. Like Glaucous-Leaved Poplar (turanga listed in the Red Book), it is one of the dominant landscape plants in the Ili river valley.

Elaeagnus Oxycarpa

Oxycarpous ElaeagnusElaeagnus oxycarpa Schlecht. It grows on the terraces and in the floodplain of the Ili river. One of the main trees in tugai forests.

Arthrophytum Iliense

Ili Saxaul - Arthrophytum iliense Iljin. It grows in stony-gravelly deserts of the foothill plains. One of the dominant landscape plants of the national park, especially in its eastern part.

Krascheninnikovia Ceratoides

Teresken - Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst. (Ceratoides papposa Botsch. Et Ikonn.). It grows along the desert trails of the mountains, on the sands, in dry sais (ravines). One of the dominant landscape plants of the national park.

Nanophyton Erinaceum

Tasbiyurgun Nanophyton erinaceum (Pall.) Bunge. It grows in stony-gravelly deserts of the foothill plains. One of the dominant landscape plants of the national park.

Salsola Arbusculiformis

Saltwort - Salsola аrbusculiformis Drob. It grows in stony and clay deserts, on rocks and talus of low mountains. One of the dominant landscape plants of the national park.

Juniperus Sabina

Savine Juniper - Juniperus sabina L. It grows on steep rocky slopes, forms extensive thickets. One of the dominant landscape plants of the national park.

Cerasus Tianschanica

Tien Shan Cherry - Cerasus tianschanica Pojark. It grows on rocky slopes and in thickets of bushes. One of the main landscape plants of the national park.

Picea Schrenkiana

Schrenk's Spruce, Tien Shan Spruce - Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et C.A. Mey. It grows on the northern slopes in the gorges of the Altyn-Emel ridge.

Many plants, although they are not the dominant populations for the territory of Altyn-Emel, are still quite common, decorating the desert landscape, especially during the flowering period.

Acanthophyllum Pungens

Spine Pink - Acanthophyllum pungens (Bunge) Boiss. It grows in dry sais (ravines) of the deserts.

Cistanche Salsa

Saline Cistanche - Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey) G. Beck. It grows in clayey solonetzic deserts and on saline sands, parasitizing on the roots of perennial saltwort.

Iris Tenuifolia

Narrow-Leaved Iris - Iris tenuifolia Pall. It grows in sandy deserts.

Peganum Harmala

Adyraspan - Peganum harmala L. It grows in deserts and dry steppes, forms thickets on grazed pastures, camps and in the vicinity of settlements. Local people consider it a mystical plant that scares away evil spirits.

Helianthemum Songaricum

Dzhungarian Sun Rose - Helianthemum songaricum Schrenk. It grows on dry stony-gravelly slopes, forms communities.

Classification

The flora of the Altyn-Emel National Park is represented by 88 families, 403 genera and 864 species, 29 of which are listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan (marked with an asterisk).

Woodsiaceae (Diels) Herter
Athyriaceae Alst.
Dryopteridaceae Ching
Аspleniaceae Newm.
Sinopteridaceae Koidz.
Ophioglossaceae (R. Br.) Agardh
Еquisetaceae Rich. ex DC.
Pinaceae Lindl.
Cupressaceae Rich. ex Bartl.
Ephedraceae Dumort.
Турhaceae Juss.
Juncaginaceae Rich.
Butomaceae Rich.
Роасеае Barnhart
Суреraceae Juss.
Juncaceae Juss.
Asphodelaceae Juss.
Liliaceae Juss.
Аlliaceae J. Agardh.
Аsparagaceae Juss.
Ixioliriaceae Nakai
Iridaceae Juss.
Оrchidaceae Juss.
Salicaceae Mirb.
Betulaceae S.F. Gray
Ulmaceae Mirb.
Celtidaceae Link
Cannabaceae Endl.
Urticaceae Juss.
Polygonaceae Juss.
Сhenopodiaceae Vent.
Amaranthaceae Juss.
Саryophyllaceae Juss.
Paeoniaceae Rudophi
Ranuculaceae Juss.
Berberidaceae Juss.
Hypecoaceae (Dumort.) Willk.
Papaveraceae Juss.
Fumariaceae DC.
Capparaceae Juss.
Brassicaceae Burnett
Crassulaceae DC.
Saxifragaceae Juss.
Parnassiaceae S.F. Gray
Grossulariaceae DC.
Rosaceae Juss.
Fabaceae Lindl.
Geraniaceae Juss.
Linaceae DC. ex S.F. Gray
Peganaceae (Engl.) Tiegh.
Nitrariaceae Bercht. et J. Presl
Zygophyllaceae R. Br.
Rutaceae Juss.
Polygalaceae R. Br.
Euphorbiaceae Juss.
Malvaceae Juss.
Hypericaceae Juss.
Tamaricaceae Link
Cistaceae Juss.
Violaceae Batsch
Thymelaeaceae Juss.
Elaeagnaceae Juss.
Lythraceae J. St.-Hil.
Onagraceae Juss.
Cynomoriaceae Lindl.
Apiaceae Lindl.
Primulaceae Vent.
Limoniaceae Ser.
Gentianaceae Juss.
Apocynaceae Juss.
Asclepiadaceae R. Br.
Convolvulaceae Juss.
Boraginaceae Juss.
Lamiaceae Lindl.
Solanaceae Juss.
Scrophulariaceae Juss.
Orobanchaceae Vent
Plantaginaceae Juss.
Rubiaceae Juss.
Caprifoliaceae Juss.
Adoxaceae Trautv.
Valerianaceae Batsch
Dipsacaceae Juss.
Campanulaceae Juss.
Asteraceae Dumort.
Resedaceae S.F. Gray

Note: In 2019, this classification was supplemented by 88 species from 30 families, 4 of which were not mentioned earlier. Thus, today it is represented by 952 species from 92 families.

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